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140 questions
A 30-year-old woman comes to your office for evaluation of fatigue and shortness of breath on exertion. Past medical history is unremarkable. Physical examination is remarkable only for mild pallor. Lung and cardiovascular examination are normal. Laboratory tests show a hematocrit of 28 with a mean corpuscular volume of 72. WBC count and platelet count are normal. On taking further history from the patient, which of the following patient questions would most likely confirm a diagnosis?
A63-year-old woman has a 3-cm pruritic lesion on her right labia majora that she has noted for approximately 9 months. She has been treated with various topical creams and ointments for vulvar candidiasis without resolution of her symptoms or lesion. When you examine this woman, the lesion is still present. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention?
A 48-year-old woman had a biopsy of a friable, bleeding lesion on her cervix. She had not had a pelvic examination or Pap smear for about 12 years. The biopsy is reported as invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. On bimanual examination, there is induration to the side wall of her pelvis. Which of the following is the stage of her cervical cancer?
A 48-year-old woman had a biopsy of a friable, bleeding lesion on her cervix. She had not had a pelvic examination or Pap smear for about 12 years. The biopsy is reported as invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. On bimanual examination, there is induration to the side wall of her pelvis. Which of the following is the most important prognostic factor for 5-year survival after appropriate treatment of cervical cancer?
A20-year-old male has had a recent wide local excision of a 1.5 mm melanoma from the right ankle. There is no evidence of metastatic disease. The most important prognostic factor for this patient is which of the following?
A20-year-old male has had a recent wide local excision of a 1.5 mm melanoma from the right ankle. There is no evidence of metastatic disease. The most important prognostic factor for this patient is which of the following? Which of the following interventions is most appropriate in addition to wide local excision of the patient's melanoma?
A20-year-old male has had a recent wide local excision of a 1.5 mm melanoma from the right ankle. There is no evidence of metastatic disease. The most important prognostic factor for this patient is which of the following? One year after his initial diagnosis and treatment, the patient develops a palpable right inguinal lymph node. Inguinal lymph node dissection reveals one node positive for metastatic melanoma; the remaining nodes are negative. Acomplete restaging workup shows no evidence of any additional metastatic disease. What is the correct stage for this patient?
A20-year-old male has had a recent wide local excision of a 1.5 mm melanoma from the right ankle. There is no evidence of metastatic disease. The most important prognostic factor for this patient is which of the following? Which of the following is true regarding melanoma?
A 43-year-old patient presents with his fourth episode of culture-proven shingles in a T7 distribution. What is the most likely associated underlying condition?
On a routine annual examination, a 43-yearold woman is found to have a 2-cm mass in the lateral aspect of her right breast. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
A 55-year-old woman has a bloody discharge from her left breast. A mammogram discloses a cluster of microcalcifications 3 cm beneath her left nipple. Which of the following is the most common type of breast cancer?
A 55-year-old woman has a bloody discharge from her left breast. A mammogram discloses a cluster of microcalcifications 3 cm beneath her left nipple. Which of the following is the principal advantage of a fine-needle aspiration of a breast mass?
A 55-year-old woman has a bloody discharge from her left breast. A mammogram discloses a cluster of microcalcifications 3 cm beneath her left nipple. Which of the following is the best predictor of survival after appropriate treatment of breast cancer?
A45-year-old woman has bilateral breast pain that is most severe premenstrually. On palpation, there is excessive nodularity, tenderness, and cystic areas that diminish in size after menses. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A75-year-old man undergoes a right colectomy for stage 3 colon cancer. He has a history of emphysema requiring chronic steroid use. He also has diabetes and coronary heart disease. On postoperative day 2, the surgeon is called because the patient acutely began to have a large amount of pinkish, serous drainage from the wound. There is no evidence of infection. Which of the following factors probably contributed to this complication?
A 16-year-old girl presents because she has not begun to menstruate. Also, breast development and pubic hair have not developed. She is 59 in. (150 cm) tall and weighs 115 lbs (52 kg). On examination, her vital signs are normal. She has skin folds on the lateral sides of her neck. She has evidence of cubitus valgus. Breasts are Tanner stage 1 and the nipples appear to be spaced wider than average. Pubic hair is Tanner stage 1. The external genitalia are normal. The vagina is of normal depth and a small cervix is seen on speculum examination. The uterus is present but small. There are no adnexal masses. Which of the following is the treatment of choice for this patient? estrogen replacement therapy
A 32-year-old man comes to the office for his annual checkup. He is asymptomatic and his physical exam is normal. He reports that his father died of colon cancer at age 46 and his older brother was recently diagnosed with colon cancer at age 37. His paternal aunt was previously diagnosed and treated for endometrial cancer. He is concerned about his family history of malignancy and wants to discuss cancer screening. What would be the most appropriate recommendation at this time?
Which of the following risk factors has the strongest association with the development of malignant melanoma?
A54-year-old man without significant past medical history presents to his primary care physician complaining of epigastric discomfort and early satiety. He subsequently undergoes an endoscopic procedure revealing an ulcerated mucosal lesion. The biopsy of this lesion is interpreted as a well-differentiated lymphoma. Which of the following statements regarding his treatment and prognosis is most accurate?
A 72-year-old man with a diagnosis of prostate cancer was recently seen in the clinic for restaging and re-evaluation. His bone scan showed development of widespread osseous metastases and his PSA was rising. He was started on leuprolide acetate, a gonadotropin releasing-hormone (GnRH) agonist. He now returns to the clinic complaining of new severe mid-thoracic back pain, which is worse with recumbency and worse with Valsalva maneuver. He also reports that he has a brief but intense electric shock sensation in his lower extremities when he bends over to tie his shoes. On physical exam, he had localized tenderness over the mid-thoracic spine, but his motor strength, sensation, and deep tendon reflexes are all intact. What is the most important prognostic factor regarding this patient's ultimate neurological outcome?