Question bank

A 16-year-old girl is brought into the family practice clinic for her yearly health maintenance examination. Her height is average and her weight is above average. When this is mentioned to her, she blushes and quickly states that she is trying to lose weight. When asked further about her dieting habits, she eventually admits to routinely eating large amounts of food at one sitting, such as two pizzas, a large sandwich, and a gallon of ice cream. She also confides that she frequently will self-induce vomiting in order to compensate but denies laxative use. She realizes that her behavior is unhealthy, but she feels "out of control." Routine blood work would most likely demonstrate which of the following?

A 45-year-old man presents to the physician's office for evaluation of a posterior neck mass. The mass has been present for years, but has slowly enlarged over the last 2 years. Examination reveals a subcutaneous mass that is soft, nontender, and movable. For the above patient with a neck mass, select the most likely diagnosis. thyroid carcinoma cystic hygroma acute suppurative lymphadenitis thyroglossal duct cyst lipoma carotid artery aneurysm mixed parotid tumor (pleomorphic adenoma)

A 3-year-old boy presents to the physician's office with an asymptomatic neck mass located in the midline, just below the level of the thyroid cartilage. The mass moves with deglutition and on protrusion of the tongue. For the above patient with a neck mass, select the most likely diagnosis. thyroid carcinoma cystic hygroma acute suppurative lymphadenitis thyroglossal duct cyst lipoma carotid artery aneurysm

A 38-year-old married female is brought in to the primary care clinic by her husband. She is minimally responsive to questioning, head bowed, and staring at the floor. Most of the history is obtained from her spouse. He denies any known personal or family history of mental illness, but he claims for the past several months his wife has become increasingly depressed and withdrawn. Instead of taking part in her usual hobbies, she is lying around the house. "She tosses and turns" throughout the night. Her husband ensures that she eats a limited amount of food, but she has lost a significant amount of weight. She has been ruminating about guilty feelings regarding a number of issues and recently has been speaking about suicide, although she has no plan or intent. She has refused to come in to see a doctor. Her husband insisted that she come today, as she informed him that the devil has possessed her and told her she will "go to hell."

A 40-year-old male is returning to the office for a follow-up visit. He is told about his blood work results, which are consistent with leukemia. He is informed that he should receive a bone marrow biopsy for further clarification. While being presented with this information, he remains silent, peering, and staring intensely. When finished, he comments, "Doctors think they are so smart!" He then explains that he has been mistreated by physicians in the past and, in fact, has several malpractice suits pending. He feels that the biopsy was recommended only "because you want to use me in order to publish and further your career." When interacting with this patient, which of the following approaches would be most effective?

A 40-year-old male is returning to the office for a follow-up visit. He is told about his blood work results, which are consistent with leukemia. He is informed that he should receive a bone marrow biopsy for further clarification. While being presented with this information, he remains silent, peering, and staring intensely. When finished, he comments, "Doctors think they are so smart!" He then explains that he has been mistreated by physicians in the past and, in fact, has several malpractice suits pending. He feels that the biopsy was recommended only "because you want to use me in order to publish and further your career." Based on the above, what is his most likely diagnosis?

A65-year-old man presents with a 4-day history of worsening lower abdominal pain and constipation. On examination, he is febrile (38.5°C) and has lower abdominal tenderness that is most intense in the midline and left lower quadrant associated with a palpable fullness. Laboratory findings demonstrate a moderate leukocytosis and abdominal roentgenograms show an ileus pattern. For the above patient with abdominal pain, select the most likely diagnosis. gastroenteritis regional enteritis acute appendicitis perforated peptic ulcer sigmoid diverticulitis acute pancreatitis

In your role as a physician in a community health center, you agree to perform sports preparticipation examinations on students from the local high school. You have several scheduled for today. Your first appointment is with a 16-year-old male who is planning to run on the cross-country team in the Fall and play baseball in the Spring. He reports that one time he "blacked out" while running, but he has never had chest pain while exercising and he is one of the top runners on the team. He has no known medical history, denies alcohol, tobacco, recreational drug, or performance-enhancing drug use. He has a cousin who died at the age of 21 of "some kind of heart disease," although your patient is not sure of any details. On examination, he is healthy appearing and has normal vital signs, with a pulse rate of 72 and a blood pressure of 100/65. Auscultation of his heart reveals no cardiac murmur while he is lying down, a soft systolic murmur when he stands which increases on having the patient perform a Valsalva maneuver. The remainder of his examination is normal Appropriate diagnostic testing would include which of the following?

The patient is a 28-year-old divorced female who presents in the emergency room complaining of insomnia. Further history reveals that she has been depressed since the divorce settlement 3 months ago. She also has anergia, poor concentration, decreased appetite with a 15-lb weight loss, anhedonia, and guilt surrounding her "failed marriage." She reluctantly admits to pervasive thoughts of killing herself, with a plan to overdose on two bottles of Tylenol as "I heard it can kill you." She has purchased the medicine and written a suicide note. She asks to leave to go home, and when discussion of admission is brought up, she becomes angry and demands to be discharged from the emergency room. The above decision is based on which of the following ethical principles?

The patient is a 28-year-old divorced female who presents in the emergency room complaining of insomnia. Further history reveals that she has been depressed since the divorce settlement 3 months ago. She also has anergia, poor concentration, decreased appetite with a 15-lb weight loss, anhedonia, and guilt surrounding her "failed marriage." She reluctantly admits to pervasive thoughts of killing herself, with a plan to overdose on two bottles of Tylenol as "I heard it can kill you." She has purchased the medicine and written a suicide note. She asks to leave to go home, and when discussion of admission is brought up, she becomes angry and demands to be discharged from the emergency room. What is the next most appropriate course of action?

A21-year-old previously healthy woman presents with abdominal pain of 48-hour duration. The pain was initially periumbilical and on progression became localized in the right lower quadrant. The woman had nausea and a decreased appetite. She denied dysuria. Her last menstrual period was 2 weeks earlier. On examination, she was febrile (temperature 38.2°C), and was found to have localized tenderness in the right lower quadrant with guarding. Rectal examination was normal. Laboratory examination demonstrated mild leukocytosis. For the above patient with abdominal pain, select the most likely diagnosis. gastroenteritis regional enteritis acute appendicitis perforated peptic ulcer sigmoid diverticulitis acute pancreatitis

A 29-year-old woman presents to the primary care clinic complaining of frequent headaches for several months. During the interview she appears tearful and withdrawn, with minimal eye contact and reluctance to answer questions. With further encouragement and support, she is able to describe intense feelings of sadness, along with significant insomnia, poor concentration, fatigue, anhedonia, and little appetite with a 20-lb weight loss It is decided to begin treatment for her depressive symptoms with pharmacotherapy. Regarding the selection of the specific class of medication, a family history of what would be crucial?

A25-year-old man was admitted to the ICU with severe head injury with a basal skull fracture. Eighteen hours after the injury, he developed polyuria. Urine osmolality was 150 mOsm/Land serum osmolality was 350 mOsm/L. IV fluids were stopped, and 1 hour later urine output and urine osmolality remained unchanged. Five units of vasopressin were administered intravenously, and urine osmolality increased to 300 mOsm/L. Select the most likely diagnosis for each of the patients with polyuria.

Apreviously healthy 19-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a penetrating wound to the right neck. There were reports of bleeding at the scene. The patient is talking, complaining of pain at the injury site and pain with swallowing. On examination, he has a normal respiratory rate, clear air entry on auscultation, blood pressure of 120/70 mmHg, and heart rate of 95 beats/min. There is a penetrating right neck wound in zone 2 (between the clavicle and the lower part of the mandible), with a surrounding hematoma. On probing, there is violation of the platysma. Which of the following is the best next step in the management of this patient?

You are asked to see an inpatient for a gynecologic consultation. The patient is an 85-year-old female who was admitted s/p her third stroke. She has a history of dementia, coronary artery disease, insulin-dependent diabetes, and hypertension. She resides in a local nursing home and normally requires extensive nursing assistance as she is unable to care for herself. While in the hospital, the nursing staff observed a small amount of new vaginal bleeding. Her past OB/GYN history is unknown and no family members are immediately available for clarification. On physical examination, she is lying comfortably in bed, awake but not oriented to person, place, or time. She is unable to speak coherently, and becomes combative when you attempt to examine her abdomen. She quiets down when you step out of the room. Which of the following would be the most appropriate next step?

A 25-year-old previously healthy man is scheduled for elective inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia. After induction of anesthesia and initial inguinal incision, the patient develops tachycardia, muscle rigidity, fever of 38.5°C, and elevated end-tidal c arbon dioxide. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 16-year-old nulligravid high school student is on your afternoon office schedule for a "talk visit." She was seen last year by one of your colleagues for an initial GYN evaluation. She is healthy and has no medical problems. Today she tells you that she and her new boyfriend had intercourse the night before, and the condom they were using broke She tells you that earlier in the day she had called her family doctor, who wouldn't call in a prescription because it was "against his personal beliefs." Your response should be which of the following?

A70-year-old man presents with back pain and increasing difficulty with initiating a urinary stream. On rectal examination, he is found to have a hard, irregularly enlarged prostate. He has an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and osteoblastic lesions in the vertebral column and bones of the pelvis. Aneedle biopsy of the prostate shows well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Which of the following is the treatment of choice?

A 16-year-old nulligravid high school student is on your afternoon office schedule for a "talk visit." She was seen last year by one of your colleagues for an initial GYN evaluation. She is healthy and has no medical problems. Today she tells you that she and her new boyfriend had intercourse the night before, and the condom they were using broke. The patient requests a prescription for "Plan B" emergency contraception. You tell her which of the following?

A13-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department at midnight with a 4-hour history of right scrotal pain that was sudden in onset and associated with nausea and one episode of vomiting. On examination, he is in obvious distress. He has mild right lower abdominal tenderness, and high-riding, tender right testes. CBC and urinalysis are normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?