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3,531 questions
Asmall area of abnormality is noted on the lateral wall of the urinary bladder during a cystoscopy on a patient being evaluated for asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. Biopsy of the lesion is most likely to reveal which of the following?
The patient is a 26-year-old male graduate student presenting to his health maintenance organization. He is having ongoing difficulty completing his thesis. When he is working on the computer, he finds it necessary to print out and save every draft of his paper. Even though he realizes that it is unnecessary to do so, he feels compelled to read and reread all of his versions in case he made a mistake. As a result, he has been unable to move forward with his dissertation. He is consumed with doubts about his thesis, but at the same time he cannot throw away discarded sections. In fact, his apartment contains stacks of paper spread throughout his rooms. He understands that these thoughts and behaviors are "not rational," and he is greatly distressed by them and the problems they have caused. Which of the following would be the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for his condition?
Ahistory of which of the following conditions would result in the greatest increase in the likelihood of developing colon cancer?
A62-year-old male, who has been smoking two packs of cigarettes a day for the past 35 years, was found to have a 2.5 cm peripheral solitary nodule in the left upper lobe of lung. Thoracotomy with biopsy was performed and a picture of the biopsy findings is depicted in Figure below. With the clinical information and the biopsy findings what would be the most likely diagnosis?
Of the following, which is the best indicator of response to treatment or progression of disease in monitoring patients being treated for prostate cancer?
A 50-year-old woman with a long history of taking trifluoperazine is noted to have repetitive chewing motions, and periodically protrudes her tongue. Her arms and shoulders seem to jerk fairly often, and there is a peculiar twisting movement in her right hand. She tried several of the "newer" medications that are not supposed to cause the movement problems, but then her auditory hallucinations started again. According to the patient's psychiatric symptoms, select the most appropriate medication. Presume no medical problems other than those mentioned. amitriptyline clozapine divalproex fluoxetine hypericum perforatum
A 53-year-old female has made an appointment to see you concerning the recent onset of menopause. Her last menstrual period was 8 months ago and, over the last year, she had noticed that her periods were becoming lighter and less frequent. In addition, she has developed frequent hot flashes, and her mood has become very labile. She wishes to know what your advice is regarding hormone replacement therapy (HRT). She has heard recent reports in the news concerning an increased risk of developing cardiovascular complications, especially heart attacks and strokes. Although she is in great health, her father died at age 50 of a massive heart attack. Her mother is alive and well, and there is no history of breast cancer among the females in her family Which of the following would be the strongest argument to avoid HRT in this patient?
As an intern on a medical consultation service, you are providing a cardiology consultation for a patient who developed a myocardial infarction while undergoing an elective cholecystectomy. Although not described in the medical record, the cardiology consultant attending stated the patient experienced the myocardial infarction because of prolonged general anesthesia. The surgical attending did not make the initial incision until the patient had been sedated for more than 1 hour. As you review the medical record, you realize the patient is the father of your college roommate. When you walk in the room, the family is very happy to see you and asks, "What happened? What went wrong?" Which of the following is a commonly used mechanism for reducing medical errors in hospitals?
One of your responsibilities at the community health center is to serve as director of the tuberculosis (TB) screening and prevention program. Which of the following statements regarding the management of an asymptomatic person with a positive TB skin test is true?
A 26-year-old G2P1 female comes to your office for her initial obstetric visit. The first day of her last menstrual period was 6 weeks ago. Other than some mild morning sickness, she is feeling fine. Her first pregnancy was 40 weeks in gestation and uncomplicated. She has no significant medical history. The result of the test that you ordered in question 60 is positive. What would be appropriate management for the neonate to reduce the risk of perinatal transmission of the hepatitis B virus?
A 45-year-old male comes to your office for his first annual checkup in the last 10 years. On first impression, he appears overweight but is otherwise healthy and has no specific complaints. He has a brother with diabetes and a sister with high blood pressure. Both of his parents are deceased and his father died of a stroke at age 73. He is a long-standing heavy smoker and only drinks alcohol on special occasions. On physical examination, his blood pressure is 166/90 in the left arm and 164/88 in the right arm. The rest of the examination is unremarkable. He is concerned about his health and does not want to end up on medication, like his siblings Your patient returns to clinic a few weeks later for a follow-up appointment. Despite having lost 3 lbs and increasing his activity to walking 2 mi three times per week, his blood pressure remains elevated at 162/92. His initial evaluation revealed a fasting blood sugar of 156 and a hemoglobin (Hgb) A1C of 7.5. Along with starting hypoglycemic medications to control his diabetes, you recommend that he take an antihypertensive medication. At this point, you decide to start the patient on hypoglycemic medications to control his diabetes. What other intervention is appropriate at this time?
A 65-year-old postmenopausal woman relates a complaint of being excessively tired for 6 months. Her laboratory results were remarkable for a microcytic anemia. A colonoscopy followed by a biopsy revealed a mass of the right colon. After the initial biopsy, a right colectomy was performed shown in figure below. What would be the most likely diagnosis?
A 72-year-old male presented with nonspecific symptoms of easy fatigability, weight loss, and anorexia. On physical examination, generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly were present. On the peripheral blood, he was found to have a marked lymphocytosis and in the serum, a small monoclonal spike was present. What would be the most likely histology seen in a lymph node biopsy?
A 23-year-old female sought medical help because of a painless asymmetrical enlargement of the lower neck. The patient had no history of dyspnea, dysphagia, hoarseness, or previous radiation exposure. On physical examination, besides the enlarged asymmetrical thyroid gland, there was also a palpable lymphadenopathy. A lymph node biopsy (see Figure, was performed. Hematoxilin and eosin (H&E) stained slide shows the lesion. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?
A 34-year-old woman with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus presents to your office for a routine follow-up visit. She is feeling well and has no complaints. Her fasting blood sugars usually run 140 160 and her HgbA1C was recently measured at 8.2. She tells you that she would like to become pregnant but wants to know if there are any risks for her and a baby due to her diabetes. Which of the following preconception counseling statements is true?
One of your long-time patients, a 17-year-old with cystic fibrosis, after experiencing several hospital admissions in respiratory crisis requiring intubation, requests that she not be intubated again in the event of future respiratory crisis. She requests comfort care only. The patient lives with her mother, who is mildly mentally retarded and unable to understand or participate in her daughter's health decisions. Her father is deceased. After numerous discussions over several visits, you assist her in filling out an outpatient DNR form and request a bracelet with DNR instructions. Several weeks later, the young girl is at a friend's house and stops breathing. She is not wearing the DNR bracelet and the friends know nothing of her wishes. The ambulance is called and she is intubated en route to the hospital. You are called to the emergency room where she is being stabilized for transfer to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). What is the most ethically justified next step in this case?
The practice of confidentiality has roots in the Hippocratic Oath. However, the increasing use of health information technology has increased the efficiency of acquisition, manipulation, and dissemination of this potentially sensitive data. Federal laws have been adopted to safeguard health information privacy. Under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which of the following is allowed?
A 36-year-old female complains of 5 days of fever, nasal congestion, sinus pressure, and postnasal drip. On examination, nasal discharge is yellow and the posterior pharynx is slightly erythematous. Tapping over the maxillary sinuses elicits mild pain. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
A 6-year-old Caucasian female has breast enlargement (Tanner stage II) and coarse curly pubic hair. She is not yet menstruating. She is otherwise healthy and has normal growth parameters. There are no signs of virilization and her abdominal examination reveals no masses. Examination of the vaginal area shows signs of estrogenization. Which of the following is the most likely preliminary working diagnosis?
You make the diagnosis of Marfan syndrome in a very tall 22-year-old man with long, thin extremities. What other finding is associated with this disease? family history in 100% of the patients